The geopolitical landscape shifted dramatically in 1812 when, as a result of the Russo-Turkish War, the eastern part of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia, was annexed by the Russian Empire. This marked the beginning of a long period of Russian rule, which sought to suppress Romanian culture and replace it with Russian Orthodox culture. The 20th Century: Wars and Soviet Rule After briefly reuniting with Romania following World War I in 1918, Bessarabia experienced alternating control between Romania and the Soviet Union, finally becoming part of the latter after World War II. This period saw significant political and social changes, including collectivization, industrialization, and Russification, profoundly impacting Moldovan society. During Soviet times, Moldova was transformed from a primarily agrarian society into an industrialized one, although it suffered heavily from policies such as collectivization and the suppression of local customs and language. Independence and Contemporary Challenges Moldova declared independence from the Soviet Union on August 27, 1991. The transition to a market economy and democracy has been challenging, marked by economic difficulties, political instability, and the unresolved status of the breakaway region of Transnistria. In recent years, Moldova has made efforts to forge closer ties with the European Union, signifying a desire to shift its geopolitical orientation westward while still grappling with corruption and the need for economic reform. Conclusion Moldova's history is characterized by its position at the intersection of different empires and cultures, which have shaped its unique cultural and historical identity. Today, as it navigates its post-Soviet reality, Moldova continues to balance its rich heritage with the demands of modern governance and international relations.